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By Steve Roensch Hand calculations are good. It is very important that design engineers do hand calculations. It is very important that engineering expert witnesses do hand calculations. For everything but the simplest of part geometries, hand calculations of stress are generally rough estimates. Often they are only in the ballpark of the true maximum stress levels. Sometimes they are only in the ballpark of the average stress levels, and miss the highest stresses entirely. In the span of 50 years, finite element analysis has gone from esoteric research topic to widely available, widely applied mature technology. In the 1980’s, FEA required extremely expensive mainframe computers, very expensive FEA codes and highly trained analysts, and was still implemented at many large corporations. In the 1990’s, Unix workstations provided distributed FEA processing and FEA packages went mainstream, lowering entry costs. A seat of hardware and software still cost many tens of thousands of dollars, and highly trained analysts were still required, and still FEA spread to thousands of companies. In the 2000’s, lower priced FEA packages run well on medium to high-end personal computers, and FEA usage continues to grow. Highly trained analysts are still needed to consistently obtain accurate results, a fact unfortunately ignored by too many in the industry. Why does FEA usage continue to grow when all of these companies already have hand calculations? Because, when applied correctly, FEA works. It delivers accurate stress estimates for parts with geometry too complicated for hand calculations alone, which describes most of today’s parts. Accuracy means that localized stress concentrations can be removed. Accuracy means one less uncertainty, meaning that a lower factor of safety can be considered–resulting in lower weight, lower cost parts that are still stronger and have longer life cycles. Accuracy means that an expert witness can pinpoint areas of concern, and can often nail down the why’s and how’s of a part failure. As discussed in previous issues of Courtroom FEA, this will often point the finger at the responsible party, be it designer, manufacturer or end user. Accuracy can mean reduced lab testing by concentrating the investigation on the suspect areas. Accuracy means credibility. FEA has internal checks that a good analyst needs to apply to verify the results. Hand calculations provide a rough estimate of the results, and the hand calculations and FEA had better match within their accuracies. If not, something is wrong with one or both of them, and the analyst had better correct that. Once they do match, hand calculations are an external check of the detailed FEA results. Hand calculations are good. But they aren’t good enough in a high stakes courtroom battle. (Graphics for this article are available at www.finiteelement.com/newsletter/CourtroomFEA_Vol04.html) Steve Roensch is a mechanical engineering consultant with more than 20 years of professional experience. He has analyzed hundreds of product designs and has served as an expert witness across many industries, including giving depositions and court testimony. Learn more about mechanical engineer expert witness services at http://www.FiniteElement.com. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Roensch http://EzineArticles.com/?Courtroom-FEA:-But-my-Expert-Has-Hand-Calculations&id=119583 ambien 7 day supply zoloft and lorazepam ambien online pharmacy how to abuse ativan

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By Markus Skupeika We know it sounds cruel, but these adult singles want to buy sugar babies alot of gifts, we just have the right ways you should ask for them. These Sugar Daddy singles dont mind spending money, actuallly its a nice way of making guys feel like a Super Cool Sugar Daddy. We all want to help others and like to treat our sugar babies nicely, the problem is when sugar babies do not appreciate it. So I found a great guide for Sugar Babies from Adult Singles Dating that talks about Free Dating Sites and how Sugar Babies can get everything they want by asking properly. Ask about interest on your Credit Cards Men love to Teach and Instruct a Woman By asking a sugar daddy about interest on a credit card and what is the best way to handle your credit cards. Your Sugar Daddy will begin to explain that monthly interest can be expensive and will begin to want to help you in getting that cleaned up. By wanting him to teach you about managing your money because he is so good at it, you then can ask to start from a clean slate by him offering to help pay for the amount due the next month. After paying the credit card he can help you budget your money and will offer some additional cash to get you started. Date a Sugar Daddy that has just been divorced Most men want to make their ex jealous. All you will need to do is act pretty and go to the same shopping centers, restaurants and other areas where his friends will be. He will spoil you tremendously because he knows his ex wife will find out. Cook a Dinner and run out of Milk Cook a delicious meal for him, and wear just about the sexiest thing you can. Ohh, tell him you need to buy some food from the store and can you borrow some money. You Sugar Daddy will be mezmorized by your cute outfit and give you the black america express. Have Fun!!! Wear a skirt cross your legs and ask politely Always show a little leg and cross them so you look elegant. It is much easier to give money to a sugar baby that is elegant than sloppy. Workout together and be amazed at what he can do When working out together be his personal spotter of course be sure to wear some tight pants and proper athletic attire. Be mesmorized at how athletic he is and continuously grab his arms. Sugar Daddies love that and it will make them feel like a Super hero. By the end of the night a expensive dinner and entertainment will be yours for the taking. Never Pick up your Cell or Home Phone and tell him your cell phone sucks This is a great way to receive a new cell phone from a Sugar Daddy, just tell him you have been meaning to get a cell phone or a new one, but just havent got around to doing it. You will have a nice pretty cell phone in no time. But Becareful you better be a loyal sugar baby and not be using the phone for any discreet dating. Tell him you want to dress sexy FOR HIM for a Night in the Town!!! This is a great way for a sugar baby to get a new dress. Make sure to say it is for him and that you want to get something he will really enjoy tonight. This one is a 2 in one package, you will receive a trip to the mall and a great exciting dinner and dancing. Nothing makes a sugar daddy happier than a hot date which he can show off!! Talk about your Sugar Daddies Car When in the car with you sugar daddy talk about how you love the car he drives. Nothing makes a Sugar Daddy happier than to have someone talk about his vehicle. The more you talk about the car the more you can drop the seed that you would like a matching one just like his. In about a month or two you will have a brand new sugar baby car that matches his. Talk about how you miss your Family that is out of town A Sugar Daddy is not going to want to travel to see a family across the state, but he will most likely give you a free plane ticket. 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